Deontology is an ethical theory that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or duty, rather than the consequences of the action. The word comes from the Greek "deon," meaning duty. In deontological ethics, some actions are considered right or wrong in themselves, regardless of the outcomes they produce. For example, telling the truth is considered a duty even if lying might produce a better outcome. Fun Fact: The term "deontology" was coined by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham in the 19th century, even though he was actually a utilitarian! He used the term to describe a science of morals, but it was Immanuel Kant who became the most famous deontological philosopher. Deontology is often contrasted with consequentialism (which judges actions by their outcomes) and virtue ethics (which focuses on the character of the moral agent).

The most famous deontological philosopher is Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). He developed the concept of the Categorical Imperative, which is a universal moral law that applies to all rational beings. Unlike a hypothetical imperative (which tells you what to do if you want to achieve a specific goal), a categorical imperative commands you to act in a certain way regardless of your desires. Fun Fact: Kant's Categorical Imperative has several formulations. The first is: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." This means you should only act on rules that you would want everyone to follow. For example, if you consider lying to get what you want, you must ask: "Would I want everyone to lie whenever it suits them?" Since universal lying would make trust impossible, lying is morally wrong. Kant believed that rationality itself requires us to follow universalizable rules.

Kant's second formulation of the Categorical Imperative is known as the Formula of Humanity: "Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means." This means that people should never be used merely as tools for achieving our own goals. Every person has inherent dignity and value, and we must respect their autonomy and rationality. Fun Fact: This principle is the foundation of modern human rights philosophy. It argues that people have intrinsic worth because they are rational beings capable of making their own choices. Treating someone merely as a means means using them without their consent for your own benefit, which is morally wrong. For example, lying to someone to get money treats them as a means to your financial gain, violating their autonomy. Kant believed that respecting persons as ends in themselves is a fundamental moral duty.

Kant's third formulation of the Categorical Imperative is the Kingdom of Ends. It imagines a community in which all people treat each other as ends in themselves and follow universal moral laws. In this kingdom, every person is both a ruler and a subject — they make the moral laws through their rational will and also obey them. Fun Fact: The Kingdom of Ends is an ideal community, not a real one. It represents what the world would be like if everyone followed the Categorical Imperative. It is a vision of a just society based on mutual respect and rational cooperation. Kant believed that we should act as if we are members of this kingdom, legislating universal laws and obeying them out of respect for the moral law. The Kingdom of Ends shows the social dimension of Kant's ethics, as morality is not just about individual duties but about creating a community of rational beings who respect each other.

Kant made a sharp distinction between acting from duty and acting from inclination. Acting from duty means doing what is morally required because it is morally required, not because of personal feelings, rewards, or desires. Acting from inclination means doing something because you want to do it. Fun Fact: Kant believed that only actions performed from duty have true moral worth. If you help someone because you like them, that has no moral value according to Kant. But if you help someone because it is your duty, even if you don't want to, that action has genuine moral value. This is a challenging standard — it means that being kind to people is only morally good if it is done from duty, not from natural kindness. However, it also means that anyone can be moral, regardless of their feelings, because anyone can choose to follow their duty.

One of the challenges of deontology is the problem of conflicting duties. What do you do when two duties seem to require different actions? For example, your duty to tell the truth might conflict with your duty to protect someone from harm. Fun Fact: Some philosophers have tried to solve this problem by ranking duties, suggesting that some duties are more important than others. For example, the duty to protect life might be considered more important than the duty to tell the truth. However, Kant himself did not provide a clear solution to this problem. He insisted that duties are absolute and cannot be broken, but he also acknowledged that conflicts could arise. Some modern deontologists argue that we should consider the context and make a judgment about which duty is most important in a particular situation. The problem of conflicting duties remains a subject of debate in deontological ethics.

A classic challenge to Kant's deontology is the "Murderer at the Door" problem. Imagine a murderer comes to your door, looking for your friend who is hiding in your house. Should you lie to save your friend? Kant argued that you should tell the truth because lying is always morally wrong. Fun Fact: This is one of the most famous objections to deontology. Many philosophers, including some who admire Kant, think that it is clearly better to lie in this situation, and they use this example to argue that duties cannot be absolute. Others defend Kant by saying that you are not obligated to tell the murderer the truth; you can choose to remain silent or mislead without actually lying. However, Kant himself famously said that even in this situation, you must not lie, because you would be responsible for the consequences of lying, but not for the consequences of telling the truth. This is a controversial position that has sparked much debate.

For Kant, human dignity is based on the capacity for rational autonomy. Humans, unlike animals, can set their own goals and make their own laws. This autonomy is the basis of their dignity and their worth. Fun Fact: Kant's idea that people have inherent worth because they are rational beings is the foundation of the modern concept of human rights. It also explains why Kant argued that punishing someone is respecting their dignity: by treating them as a rational being who made a choice and is responsible for it, you recognize their autonomy. Kant's view of human dignity has been influential in law, politics, and ethics. It has been used to argue against slavery, torture, and other practices that treat people as mere tools. It remains one of the most powerful and influential ideas in Western philosophy.

Deontology has faced several criticisms. Some critics argue that it ignores the consequences of actions, which can lead to absurd or harmful outcomes. Others argue that it is too rigid and does not allow for flexibility in difficult situations. Some also argue that the concept of duty is too abstract and does not provide clear guidance in real-life situations. Fun Fact: Utilitarians, who focus on consequences, are among the most vocal critics of deontology. They argue that a moral theory that ignores the results of actions is fundamentally flawed. Others have criticized deontology for being overly individualistic, focusing on the rights of individuals without considering the needs of the community. Despite these criticisms, deontology remains one of the most influential ethical theories, and its emphasis on duty and human dignity has shaped legal systems and human rights practices around the world.

Despite its challenges, deontology has an enduring legacy in philosophy and ethics. Its focus on duty, rights, and human dignity has shaped modern legal systems, human rights frameworks, and our understanding of what it means to act morally. Fun Fact: The idea that people have fundamental rights that cannot be violated even for the greater good is a deontological principle. Kant's influence can be seen in documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which asserts that all people have inherent dignity and rights. Deontological principles also underpin the idea that lying, stealing, and breaking promises are inherently wrong, regardless of the consequences. The deontological perspective reminds us that some things should not be done, no matter how good the outcome might be. Kant's ethical theory remains one of the most important attempts to understand what makes actions right or wrong, and it continues to be studied, debated, and applied in moral reasoning today.

How do we use numbers when we go shopping?

Numbers are everywhere when we go shopping! We use numbers to count how many items we want, add up prices to find the total cost, and subtract discounts to see how much we save. We also use numbers to compare prices and find the best deals. For example, if an apple costs $1 and a banana costs $2, you would add 1 + 2 = 3 to find the total cost. Shopping is one of the most common ways we use math in everyday life! Fun fact: The first cash register was invented in 1879 and used mechanical gears to add up purchases—it was one of the first machines built just to do math for shoppers!

How do we use math to tell time?

Time is all about numbers! A clock has 12 numbers on its face. There are 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds in a minute. We use math to read the time, calculate how long we have been doing something, and plan our day. For example, if you start your homework at 3:00 and finish at 4:00, you have been working for one hour. Math helps us understand the passing of time and organize our lives. Fun fact: The ancient Babylonians were the first to divide an hour into 60 minutes, and we still use their system today—over 4,000 years later!

How do we use numbers when we cook or bake?

Cooking is full of math! We use numbers to measure ingredients like 2 cups of flour or 1/2 teaspoon of salt. We use count to know how many eggs to add or how many cookies a recipe makes. We use time to know how long to bake something. We even use temperature to set the oven! If a recipe calls for 2 cups of flour and you want to make twice as much, you would use multiplication: 2 × 2 = 4 cups. Fun fact: Professional chefs often use math to adjust recipes for hundreds of people—they multiply everything by big numbers!

How do we use math when we play sports?

Sports are full of math! We use numbers to count points and goals. We use time to track how long a game lasts. We use measurement to set up fields and courts. We use statistics to see who is the best player. For example, in basketball, if you make 3 baskets worth 2 points each, you would multiply 3 × 2 = 6 points! Even the scoreboard is just a big number display. Fun fact: The first sports statistics were recorded by a man named Henry Chadwick in the 1850s, and he used math to invent the batting average that baseball still uses today!

How do we use numbers to count things in daily life?

Counting is one of the first math skills we learn, and we use it every day! We count how many friends are in our class, how many books we have read, how many steps we take, and how many days until a holiday. Counting helps us know if we have enough, how many we need, and how many we have. For example, if you have 5 stickers and you get 3 more, you would add 5 + 3 = 8 stickers. Fun fact: The first counting tool, called a tally stick, dates back over 30,000 years—people made marks on bones or wood to count things!

How do we use math when we travel or go on trips?

Travel is full of math! We use numbers to read maps and understand distances. We use time to know how long a trip takes. We use speed to know how fast we are going. We use money to pay for tickets and food. We even use counting to know how many miles we have traveled! For example, if your family drives 30 miles to visit Grandma and 30 miles back, you would add 30 + 30 = 60 miles total. Fun fact: The first road maps were created by the Romans, who used math to measure distances along their famous roads so travelers would know how far to the next town!

How do we use numbers to measure things?

Measurement uses numbers to tell us how big, long, heavy, or far something is. We use length to measure how tall we are (in feet or centimeters). We use weight to measure how heavy we are (in pounds or kilograms). We use volume to measure how much liquid something holds (like liters or gallons). We use temperature to measure how hot or cold it is (in degrees). Without measurement, we couldn't build houses, cook food, or even know what size shoes to buy! Fun fact: The first standard measurement systems were developed thousands of years ago—the ancient Egyptians used the length of a king's arm to measure things, which they called a "cubit"!

How do we use math when playing games?

Games are full of math! We use counting in board games to move our pieces. We use addition to add up scores. We use strategy to figure out the best move. Card games use numbers on the cards. Video games use math to create the game worlds, with numbers for health points, scores, and lives. Even games like "I Spy" use counting and math! Fun fact: The ancient game of Mancala, which is over 3,000 years old, is all about counting and math—players count stones and plan how to move them around holes!

How do we use numbers to plan and organize our day?

Numbers help us plan our day! We use the calendar to know what day it is and when special events happen. We use time to know when to wake up, go to school, eat lunch, and go to bed. We use countdowns to know how many days until a birthday or holiday. We use schedules to plan our activities in order. For example, if your school starts at 8:00 and it takes 20 minutes to get there, you know you need to leave by 7:40! Fun fact: The first calendars were created over 5,000 years ago by the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians, who used math to track the seasons for farming!

Why is learning math important for everyday life?

Learning math is important because it helps us in almost everything we do! Math teaches us to think carefully and solve problems. It helps us count money, tell time, measure things, shop wisely, cook good food, play games, and plan our days. Math even helps us understand the world around us—from how fast a car is going to how many days until summer break. Without math, everyday life would be much harder! Fun fact: Studies show that learning math when you are young helps your brain grow stronger and makes it easier to learn other subjects, including reading and science!

What is estimation in mathematics? Estimation is making a thoughtful guess about a quantity without calculating exactly. It is a valuable skill for making quick decisions. Which of these best describes estimation?

How does rounding help with estimation? Rounding makes numbers simpler to work with and helps us estimate quickly. If you round 47 to the nearest ten, what number do you get?

How do we estimate sums? Estimating sums helps us quickly get an idea of the total without adding exactly. Estimate 234 + 567 by rounding to the nearest hundred.

How do we estimate differences? Estimating differences helps us quickly see how far apart two numbers are. Estimate 892 - 341 by rounding to the nearest hundred.

What are some mental math strategies? Mental math is doing calculations in your head without writing anything down. It uses clever strategies to make calculations easier. Which of these is a useful mental math strategy?

How do we estimate products in multiplication? Estimating products helps us quickly find a reasonable answer when multiplying. Estimate 28 × 71 by rounding to the nearest ten.

How do we estimate quotients in division? Estimating quotients helps us quickly see how many equal groups there are. Estimate 315 ÷ 8 by finding compatible numbers.

Where do we use estimation in everyday life? Estimation is a skill we use constantly without even thinking about it. Which of these everyday situations uses estimation?

Did you know? Estimation has been used throughout history! Humans have been using estimation for thousands of years to solve practical problems. How did ancient civilizations use estimation?

Why is estimation such an important skill? Estimation is one of the most useful math skills you will ever learn. It helps us in many ways beyond just math class. Why is estimation so valuable?

What are even numbers in mathematics? Even numbers are numbers that can be divided evenly by 2. They have a special property that makes them easy to recognize. Which of these is a characteristic of even numbers?

What are odd numbers in mathematics? Odd numbers are numbers that cannot be divided evenly by 2. They always leave a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Which of these is a characteristic of odd numbers?

How can you quickly tell if a number is even or odd? There is a simple trick to identify even and odd numbers without doing division. You just look at the last digit. Is 47 even or odd?

What pattern do even and odd numbers follow? Even and odd numbers alternate in a predictable pattern. This pattern helps us understand how numbers are organized. Which of these shows the correct pattern?

What happens when you add even and odd numbers? Adding even and odd numbers follows predictable rules. These rules help us understand number properties. What is the result of adding an even number and an odd number?

What happens when you multiply even and odd numbers? Multiplying even and odd numbers also follows predictable rules. These rules are important for understanding multiplication. What is the result of multiplying an even number by an odd number?

Where do we see even and odd numbers in everyday life? Even and odd numbers are everywhere around us—they help us organize and understand the world. Which of these uses even and odd numbers?

Is zero an even or odd number? Zero is a special number that sometimes confuses people. It has special properties in mathematics. What is the classification of zero?

Did you know? Even and odd numbers were important in ancient times! The distinction between even and odd numbers has been important for thousands of years. How did ancient civilizations use even and odd numbers?

Why is it important to understand even and odd numbers? Even and odd numbers are more than just a classification—they are fundamental to understanding mathematics. Why are they so important?

What does division mean in mathematics? Division is the process of splitting a number into equal parts. It's how we share things fairly and organize groups. Which of these best describes division?

How does division relate to sharing? Division is the mathematical way to share things fairly. If you have 15 candies and want to share them equally among 5 friends, how many candies does each friend get?

What does division mean as grouping? Division isn't just about sharing—it's also about putting items into equal groups. If you have 24 apples and each bag holds 6 apples, how many bags do you need?

What does the division symbol (÷) mean? The division symbol (÷) is a shorthand for "divided by". It tells us to share or group numbers. What does 20 ÷ 4 = 5 mean?

How are division and multiplication related? Division and multiplication are opposite operations. They undo each other, like a lock and key. If 6 × 4 = 24, what division fact is also true?

What happens when division doesn't work evenly? Sometimes numbers don't divide equally—there's something left over. What is this leftover called?

What are the parts of a division problem called? Every division problem has different parts with special names. In 24 ÷ 4 = 6, what is 24 called?

Where do we use division in everyday life? Division is everywhere around us, helping us solve practical problems. Which of these situations requires division?

Did you know? Ancient people invented clever ways to divide! Long before calculators, people developed clever methods for sharing and dividing. How did ancient civilizations use division?

Why is understanding division so important? Division is a fundamental skill that opens doors to higher mathematics. Mastering division helps us understand the world and solve problems. Why is division so important?

What does comparing numbers mean in mathematics? Comparing numbers is a fundamental skill we use every day. When we compare numbers, we are determining which number is larger, smaller, or if they are equal. Which of these best describes what comparing numbers is?

What does the "greater than" symbol mean? The greater than symbol (>) is one of the most important comparison symbols in mathematics. It helps us show relationships between numbers quickly. What does it mean when we write 7 > 3?

What does the "less than" symbol mean? The less than symbol (<) works together with the greater than symbol to show relationships in both directions. What does it mean when we write 3 < 7?

What does the equal sign mean? The equal sign (=) might seem simple, but it has a very important meaning in mathematics. What does it mean when we write 5 = 5?

How do we compare two-digit numbers? When comparing two-digit numbers, we need to look at the place value of each digit. What is the correct way to compare 56 and 62?

How do we compare three-digit numbers? The same place value rules apply to numbers of any size. What is the correct way to compare 345 and 298?

What does it mean to order numbers from least to greatest? Ordering numbers is arranging them in a sequence from smallest to largest. This is a very useful skill for organizing information. How would you order 45, 52, 39, and 48 from least to greatest?

Where do we use comparing numbers in everyday life? Comparing numbers isn't just for math class—it's something we do constantly without even thinking about it! Which of these situations requires comparing numbers?

Did you know? Sports are full of number comparisons! Every sporting event uses comparing numbers to determine winners and track performance. How are numbers compared in sports?

How does a number line help us compare numbers? A number line is a powerful visual tool for comparing numbers. It helps us see the relationships between numbers clearly. What does a number line tell us about numbers?

What does "place value" mean in mathematics? Place value is one of the most important ideas in mathematics. It means that the value of a digit depends on its position in a number. For example, in the number 555, each 5 has a different value. Which of these statements best explains what place value is?

What is the value of a digit in the ones place? In our base-10 number system, each position has a specific value. The ones place is the foundation of place value. If a digit is in the ones place, what does it represent?

How much is a digit worth in the tens place? Every time we move one position to the left in a number, the value multiplies by 10. The tens place represents groups of ten. If a digit is in the tens place, what is its value?

What is the value of a digit in the hundreds place? As numbers get larger, we need more places. The hundreds place represents groups of one hundred. How much is a digit worth when it is in the hundreds place?

Why is place value important for mathematics? Place value isn't just a rule - it's a brilliant system that makes all of mathematics possible. Without place value, working with large numbers would be extremely difficult. What makes place value so important?

How do we write numbers in expanded form? Expanded form is a way of showing the value of each digit in a number. It helps us see exactly what place value is doing. Which of these is the correct expanded form of 472?

How much is a digit worth in the thousands place? As we continue building numbers, we reach the thousands place. This is where numbers start to represent large quantities. What is the value of a digit in the thousands place?

What is the role of zero in place value? Zero is sometimes called the most important number in mathematics. In our number system, zero does two special jobs. What are these roles?

Where do we see place value in everyday life? Place value isn't just for math class - it's everywhere! Understanding place value helps us make sense of the numbers we see every day. Which of these real-world situations uses place value?

Did you know? The place value system was a revolutionary invention! The place value system we use today was developed over thousands of years. It is considered one of the greatest inventions in human history. What makes the place value system so special?

Earth is made of land and water. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, and only 29% is land. That means more than two-thirds of our planet is water! The large bodies of water are called oceans. The large areas of land are called continents. If you looked at Earth from space, it would look mostly blue because of all the water. What covers most of Earth's surface – land or water?

An ocean is a very large body of salt water. Earth has five oceans. The largest is the Pacific Ocean. The second largest is the Atlantic Ocean. The third largest is the Indian Ocean. The smallest and coldest is the Arctic Ocean (near the North Pole). The Southern Ocean surrounds Antarctica. Oceans are home to amazing animals like whales, dolphins, sharks, fish, and coral reefs. Which ocean is the largest on Earth?

A continent is a very large area of land. Earth has seven continents. From largest to smallest: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia. Each continent has many different countries (except Antarctica, which has no countries – only scientists live there). Which continent is the largest?

A lake is a body of water surrounded by land. Most lakes are filled with fresh water (not salty like the ocean). Lakes can be big or small. Some famous lakes include Lake Superior (the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area), Lake Victoria (the largest lake in Africa), and the Great Lakes in North America. People use lakes for swimming, fishing, boating, and drinking water. What is a lake?

A river is a large, flowing body of water that moves toward an ocean, lake, or another river. Rivers start from a source (like a mountain or a spring) and flow downhill to an end called the mouth. The longest river in the world is the Nile River in Africa. The Amazon River in South America carries more water than any other river. Rivers are very important – they provide water for drinking, farming, and transportation. Which river is the longest in the world?

A mountain is a very tall landform that rises high above the land around it. Mountains are usually steeper and taller than hills. The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest in Asia. Mountains are formed when Earth's crust pushes together or when volcanoes erupt. Many mountains are part of mountain ranges – long chains of mountains. The longest mountain range is the Andes in South America. What is the tallest mountain in the world?

An island is a piece of land completely surrounded by water. Some islands are very small (just a little rock in a river), and some are huge. Greenland is the largest island in the world (but it is still called an island because it is smaller than Australia, which is a continent). Some islands are formed by volcanoes. Some islands are made of coral reefs. People live on many islands around the world. What is an island?

A desert is a very dry place that gets very little rain. Deserts can be hot or cold. The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert in the world. It gets less than 3 inches of rain per year! Antarctica is the largest cold desert – it is very dry even though it is covered in ice. Deserts are not empty – many plants and animals have special adaptations to survive there, like cacti that store water and camels that can go a long time without drinking. Which is the largest hot desert in the world?

A forest is an area of land covered with many trees. Forests are home to many animals, birds, insects, and plants. There are different types of forests: tropical rainforests (hot and wet, like the Amazon), temperate forests (four seasons, like most forests in North America), and boreal forests (cold, with evergreen trees). The Amazon Rainforest in South America is the largest rainforest in the world. It is sometimes called "the lungs of the Earth" because it produces so much oxygen. What is the largest rainforest in the world?

Let us review what you learned about land and water! Match each word to its meaning. Ocean = large body of salt water. Mountain = tall landform. Lake = water surrounded by land. Island = land surrounded by water. River = flowing water. Desert = dry land with little rain. Forest = land with many trees. What do you call a large body of salt water that covers most of Earth?

A map is a drawing that shows where places are. Maps help us find our way. A map can show a small area, like your classroom or your neighborhood. Or a map can show a huge area, like your country or the whole world. Maps use symbols, colors, and labels to show real things – like roads, rivers, mountains, and cities. What is a map?

Directions help us describe where things are on a map. The four main directions are called cardinal directions. They are: North (N), East (E), South (S), and West (W). A good way to remember them is "Never Eat Soggy Waffles" (North, East, South, West). On most maps, North is at the top, South is at the bottom, East is on the right, and West is on the left. If you are facing North, which direction is behind you?

A compass rose is a symbol on a map that shows the directions. It usually shows North, South, East, and West. Sometimes it also shows Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest (the intermediate directions). The compass rose helps you figure out which way is which on the map. If the compass rose shows North at the top of the map, then what direction is at the bottom?

Maps use symbols to show real things. A symbol is a simple picture or shape that stands for something. For example, a small blue line might mean a river. A small black line might mean a road. A small triangle might mean a mountain. The map key (or legend) tells you what each symbol means. Without a map key, you would not know what the symbols represent! What does a map key (legend) do?

A map is much smaller than the real place it shows. The map scale tells you how much smaller the map is. For example, a map scale might say "1 inch = 1 mile." That means every inch on the map represents 1 mile in the real world. If two towns are 2 inches apart on the map, they are really 2 miles apart. A scale can also look like a line with marks showing miles or kilometers. What does a map scale tell you?

There are different types of maps for different purposes. A physical map shows natural features like mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts, and forests. Physical maps often use colors to show elevation (how high the land is) – green for low land, brown for mountains, and blue for water. A political map shows human-made features like countries, states, cities, and borders. Political maps use different colors to show different countries or states. What type of map would you use to find the mountains and rivers in a place?

Let us practice reading a simple map! Imagine a map of a park. The playground is in the center of the map. The pond is East of the playground. The picnic area is West of the playground. The parking lot is South of the playground. The entrance is North of the playground. If you are at the playground and you want to go to the picnic area, which direction should you go?

A globe is a model of the Earth that is round – just like the real Earth. A globe shows the true shape of continents and oceans without any stretching. A map is flat. Because the Earth is round, flattening it into a map causes some distortion – some places look bigger or smaller than they really are, or shapes get stretched. The most famous flat map is called the Mercator projection. Which one is a more accurate model of the Earth's shape?

Maps and globes have special grid lines to help find exact locations. Lines of latitude run east-west (left to right) around the Earth. They measure how far north or south a place is. The Equator is the most famous line of latitude – it goes around the middle of the Earth. Lines of longitude run north-south (up and down) from the North Pole to the South Pole. They measure how far east or west a place is. Together, latitude and longitude give every place on Earth a unique address! Which line of latitude goes around the middle of the Earth?

Time for a map challenge! You are looking at a map of your town. The library is at the corner of Main Street and Oak Avenue. Your school is 3 blocks North and 2 blocks East of the library. If you are at the library, how would you get to the school? First go North 3 blocks, then go East 2 blocks. If each block is 1/10 of a mile, how far is the school from the library? (Hint: 3 blocks + 2 blocks = 5 blocks total. 5 × 1/10 mile = 5/10 mile = 1/2 mile.)