Brasília is the capital of Brazil. It was purpose-built and inaugurated in 1960 to replace Rio de Janeiro as the capital. The city is known for its modernist architecture (designed by Oscar Niemeyer) and its airplane-shaped layout. Brazil is the largest country in South America by both area and population. What is the capital of Brazil?

Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina. It is known as the "Paris of South America" because of its European-style architecture, wide boulevards, and vibrant cultural scene. Argentina is famous for tango music and dance, beef, and football (soccer). What is the capital of Argentina?

Lima is the capital of Peru. It was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1535 and was the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru during the Spanish colonial era. Peru is famous for Machu Picchu (Inca citadel), the Amazon rainforest, and ceviche. What is the capital of Peru?

Bogotá is the capital of Colombia. It is located high in the Andes Mountains at an elevation of about 8,660 feet (2,640 meters), making it one of the highest capitals in the world. Colombia is known for coffee, emeralds, and the Amazon rainforest. What is the capital of Colombia?

Santiago is the capital of Chile. It is located in a valley surrounded by the Andes Mountains and the Chilean Coastal Range. The Andes are visible from the city on clear days. Chile is famous for its long coastline (over 4,000 miles / 6,400 km) and Easter Island (Rapa Nui). What is the capital of Chile?

Caracas is the capital of Venezuela. It is located in a valley in the coastal mountain range (Cordillera de la Costa), about 10 miles (16 km) from the Caribbean Sea. Venezuela is known for its oil reserves (largest in the world), Angel Falls (tallest waterfall), and the Orinoco River. What is the capital of Venezuela?

Quito is the capital of Ecuador. It is the highest official capital city in the world (elevation about 9,350 feet / 2,850 meters). Ecuador is named after the Equator, which runs through the country. The Mitad del Mundo (Middle of the World) monument is near Quito. What is the capital of Ecuador?

Montevideo is the capital of Uruguay. It is located on the northern shore of the Río de la Plata (River of Silver). Uruguay is known for its beaches, beef, and mate (herbal tea). What is the capital of Uruguay?

Asunción is the capital of Paraguay. It is one of the oldest cities in South America, founded in 1537. Paraguay is a landlocked country (no coastline). Paraguay is known for the Itaipu Dam (one of the largest hydroelectric dams in the world), shared with Brazil. What is the capital of Paraguay?

Bolivia has two capitals: La Paz (administrative capital, where the government works) and Sucre (constitutional capital, where the Supreme Court is located). La Paz is the highest capital city in the world (elevation about 11,975 feet / 3,650 meters). Which city is the administrative capital of Bolivia?

The Amazon Rainforest covers approximately 40% of South America and spans nine countries, with about 60% located in Brazil. It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen.

The Andes Mountains form the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching over 7,000 km (4,350 mi) along the entire western edge of South America through seven countries.

The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world after the Nile, but it has the largest drainage basin and the highest volume of water discharge of any river.

The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest non-polar desert in the world. Some weather stations have never recorded rainfall, and parts of it are used by NASA to test Mars rovers.

Brazil is the largest country in South America by both area and population, and its capital is Rio de Janeiro, famous for the Christ the Redeemer statue and Copacabana Beach.

Lake Titicaca, situated in the Andes Mountains on the border of Peru and Bolivia, is the highest navigable lake in the world, with a surface elevation of 3,812 meters (12,507 feet).

Angel Falls in Venezuela is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, with a total drop of 979 meters (3,212 feet) and a main plunge of 807 meters (2,648 feet). It is named after US aviator Jimmy Angel, who crash-landed nearby.

The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland, located primarily in Brazil (80%) but also extending into Bolivia and Paraguay. It is one of the most biodiverse places on Earth.

South America has 12 sovereign nations. The continent is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Caribbean Sea to the north. French Guiana is an overseas department of France, not a separate country.

The Galápagos Islands, located about 1,000 km (620 mi) off the coast of Ecuador, are part of South America. Their unique wildlife inspired Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.