Fact: The Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu, was constructed during the Fourth Dynasty as a royal tomb. It remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years! Fun fact: The pyramid was originally covered in smooth white limestone casing stones, many of which were later removed for other buildings.

Correct: 476 CE marks the traditional date for the fall of the Western Roman Empire when Romulus Augustulus was overthrown by Odoacer. However, the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) continued to thrive for nearly another thousand years, finally falling in 1453 CE. Fun fact: The Byzantines called themselves Romans and their empire the Roman Empire until the very end.

Correct: The earliest known wheel dates to about 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia and was used by potters. The wheel for transportation (chariots) appeared several centuries later. Fun fact: The wheel is considered one of the most important inventions in human history, but some advanced ancient civilizations like the Incas never developed wheeled vehicles due to their mountainous terrain!

False: The Aztec Empire was centered in the Valley of Mexico, specifically where Mexico City stands today. The Inca Empire, not the Aztecs, was based in modern-day Peru. Fun fact: The Aztecs built their capital Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco, and it was one of the largest cities in the world at the time of Spanish contact.

Correct: The first recorded Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE at Olympia. They were held every four years until 393 CE when Emperor Theodosius I banned them as pagan festivals. Fun fact: Athletes competed naked in many events, and winners received a crown of olive leaves rather than medals.

False: Ancient Chinese civilization developed along the Yellow River (Huang He) and Yangtze River valleys. The Nile River was the cradle of Egyptian civilization. Fun fact: The Yellow River is called "China's Sorrow" because its frequent floods have caused immense destruction throughout history, but it also deposited rich fertile soil.

Correct: Hammurabi's Code contains 282 laws and is famous for the principle "an eye for an eye." It was inscribed on a 7-foot stele. Fun fact: The code included laws about everything from property disputes to marriage, and even set minimum wages for laborers!

False: The writing system of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE) remains undeciphered. Despite over 4,000 inscribed objects discovered, no bilingual text like the Rosetta Stone has been found to help crack the code. Fun fact: Some scholars believe the script represents an early Dravidian language, but this remains a hypothesis!

Correct: Julius Caesar was stabbed 23 times by about 60 conspirators led by Brutus and Cassius on March 15, 44 BCE. Fun fact: Caesar had been warned by a seer to "beware the Ides of March," and the historian Plutarch claims Caesar joked to the seer on the fateful day, "The Ides of March have come," to which the seer replied, "Aye, they have come, but they are not gone."

Correct: Petra, established around the 4th century BCE, was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom. It is renowned for its sophisticated water conduit system and rock-cut architecture. Fun fact: Only about 15% of the city has been excavated by archaeologists; most of the ancient city still remains underground!