True. Asia covers 44.58 million square kilometers (17.21 million sq mi). It includes 49 UN member states. The most populous countries are China and India, each with over 1.4 billion people. Asia contains the world's highest point (Mount Everest) and lowest point (Dead Sea).

True. The Himalayas stretch about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) across Bhutan, Nepal, China, India, and Pakistan. The range is still rising at about 1 cm per year. It contains nine of Earth's ten highest peaks, including Everest (8,848 m) and K2 (8,611 m). The name means "abode of snow" in Sanskrit.

True. The Gobi Desert covers 1.3 million square kilometers (500,000 sq mi). Unlike hot deserts like the Sahara, the Gobi has harsh winters with snow and frost. It is the fifth-largest desert in the world and the largest in Asia. It was part of the Mongol Empire and the Silk Road routes.

True. The Yangtze is approximately 6,300 km (3,915 mi) long. Its drainage basin covers one-fifth of China's land area. The Three Gorges Dam on this river is the world's largest hydroelectric power station. Major cities along the Yangtze include Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, and Chongqing.

True. Japan sits at the convergence of four tectonic plates (Pacific, Philippine Sea, Eurasian, and North American). The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake (magnitude 9.0-9.1) triggered a tsunami that caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Mount Fuji, an active stratovolcano, is Japan's highest peak (3,776 m / 12,389 ft).

True. The Arabian Peninsula covers about 3.2 million square kilometers (1.25 million sq mi). It is surrounded by the Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Persian Gulf. The peninsula is mostly desert (including the Rub' al Khali or "Empty Quarter," the largest continuous sand desert on Earth) and contains the world's largest oil reserves.

True. The Mekong is about 4,350 km (2,703 mi) long. It originates in the Tibetan Plateau and ends at the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, which empties into the South China Sea. The river supports over 60 million people. The Khone Falls in Laos are the largest waterfalls in Southeast Asia by volume.

True. Lake Baikal is also the oldest lake in the world (about 25-30 million years old). It holds more water than all five North American Great Lakes combined. The lake is home to over 1,500 species of plants and animals that are found nowhere else, including the Baikal seal (nerpa), the only freshwater seal species.

False. India's capital is New Delhi, not Mumbai. Mumbai (formerly Bombay) is the largest city and financial capital, but New Delhi (within the National Capital Territory of Delhi) is the political capital. India will likely surpass China as the world's most populous nation in 2023. The population of India exceeds 1.4 billion.

True. Indonesia has 17,508 islands according to official surveys, of which about 6,000 are inhabited. Java is the most populous island (over 140 million people) and contains Jakarta, the capital. Indonesia is located at the convergence of several tectonic plates, resulting in numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.