True. Australia is often called an "island continent" because it is surrounded by water and is the only country that occupies an entire continent. It is the largest country in Oceania. The continent includes the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. Australia is about 32 times larger than the United Kingdom.

True. The Great Barrier Reef comprises over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands, covering approximately 344,400 square km (133,000 sq mi). It supports an immense diversity of life, including 1,500 species of fish, 400 types of coral, and 4,000 mollusk species. Climate change, ocean acidification, and coral bleaching threaten its survival.

False. Canberra is the capital of Australia, not Sydney. Canberra was chosen as a compromise between Sydney and Melbourne, which both wanted to be the capital. It was established in 1913 and is located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Sydney is the largest city (over 5.3 million people), but Canberra has about 460,000 residents.

True. Uluru is about 9.4 km (5.8 mi) in circumference and extends about 2.5 km (1.6 mi) underground. It is made of arkose sandstone. Climbing Uluru was permanently banned in October 2019 out of respect for Aboriginal cultural significance. The rock appears red due to iron oxide on its surface.

True. The Murray River, together with its tributary the Darling River (1,472 km / 915 mi), forms the Murray-Darling Basin, which covers about 14% of Australia's land area (1.06 million km² / 409,000 sq mi). This basin is Australia's most important agricultural region, producing much of the country's food.

True. Tasmania covers 68,401 km² (26,410 sq mi). Its capital is Hobart. The Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area contains over 1.4 million hectares. Tasmania is known for unique wildlife including the Tasmanian devil (endangered due to devil facial tumor disease), the eastern quoll, and the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle.

True. The Outback includes the Great Victoria Desert, Simpson Desert, and Gibson Desert. Mount Augustus (Burringurrah) in Western Australia is 1,106 m (3,629 ft) high, about 2.5 times the height of Uluru. The Outback has very low population density (about 0.1 people per km²). Many Aboriginal communities have lived there for over 50,000 years.

True. Australia has approximately 10,685 named beaches along its 50,000 km (31,000 mi) coastline. Bondi Beach in Sydney, Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast, and Whitehaven Beach in the Whitsundays are world-famous. About 85% of Australians live within 50 km (30 mi) of the coast, making beaches central to Australian culture.

False. New Zealand is a separate, independent country. While it is part of the submerged continent Zealandia (which also includes New Caledonia), it is not part of the Australian continental landmass nor a state of Australia. New Zealand gained independence from Britain in 1947 (though it had self-government earlier). Its capital is Wellington.

True. The Great Dividing Range runs from Queensland through New South Wales and Victoria to the Grampians. Mount Kosciuszko is in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales. The range influences Australia's climate, creating a rain shadow effect that results in arid conditions west of the divide. It is a source of most of Australia's major rivers.