Tokyo has been the de facto capital of Japan since 1868 when the Emperor moved from Kyoto. It is the world's most populous metropolitan area and a global financial center. The city was originally a small fishing village named Edo.

Canberra was selected as the capital in 1908. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The city's design was influenced by the garden city movement and features Lake Burley Griffin in its center. Parliament House sits on Capital Hill.

This statement is false. The capital of Brazil is Brasília, a planned city inaugurated in 1960. Rio de Janeiro was the capital from 1763 to 1960. Brasília is famous for its modernist architecture designed by Oscar Niemeyer and urban planning by Lúcio Costa.

Ankara became the capital of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, replacing Istanbul. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk chose Ankara due to its central location and railway connections. Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) had been the capital of Byzantine and Ottoman empires for centuries.

Kinshasa (capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Brazzaville (capital of the Republic of the Congo) face each other across the Congo River. They are the world's two closest capitals, separated by only about 4-5 kilometers of water.

False. The capital of Canada is Ottawa, located in the province of Ontario on the Ottawa River. Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario. Queen Victoria chose Ottawa as the national capital in 1857 due to its location away from the US border and defensible position.

True. Kazakhstan moved its capital from Almaty to Akmola (renamed Astana, then Nur-Sultan, then back to Astana in 2022) in 1997. President Nursultan Nazarbayev initiated the move. The city features futuristic architecture including the Bayterek Tower and the Khan Shatyr tent.

False. South Africa has three capitals: Pretoria (executive), Bloemfontein (judicial), and Cape Town (legislative). This arrangement represents a compromise after the union of former colonies. Pretoria houses the Union Buildings, the official seat of the President.

True. King George V announced the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. New Delhi was inaugurated in 1931, designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. The city features wide boulevards, government buildings, and the iconic India Gate.

True. Valletta has approximately 5,800-6,000 residents, making it the EU's smallest capital. Founded in 1566, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its Baroque architecture, St. John's Co-Cathedral, and the Caravaggio paintings housed within.